Jika dilihat sekilas, Analytical exposition dan Hortatory exposition tampak tidak ada bedanya, keduanya memang sama-sama tergolong teks eksposisi yang bersifat persuasif, yang dibuat untuk mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar berdasarkan pemaparan argumen secara rinci dengan tujuan untuk mengajak orang-orang agar sependapat dengan apa yang diutarakan si penulis atau pembicara.
Lalu, apa bedanya Analytical exposition dengan Hortatory exposition?
Perbedaan Analytical exposition dan Hortatory exposition terletak pada generic structure-nya, perhatikan penjelasan berikut:
Analytical Exposition Generic Structure
- Thesis: Pernyataan atau teori yang didukung berdasarkan argumentasi
- Arguments: Alasan-alasan untuk mendukung gagasan yang dikemukakan.
- Conclusion: Kesimpulan dari pernyataan-pernyataan yang telah diutarakan.
Hortatory Exposition Generic Structure
- Thesis: Pernyataan atau teori yang didukung berdasarkan argumentasi
- Arguments: Alasan-alasan untuk mendukung gagasan yang dikemukakan.
- Recommendation: Saran yang bersifat menganjurkan terkait apa yang telah diutarakan sebelumnya.
Sekarang coba kita perhatikan, pada struktur terakhir, Analytical exposition mengandung conclusion atau kesimpulan, sedangkan Hortatory exposition mengandung recommendation atau saran. Dua bagian struktur tersebut umumnya terletak di akhir pernyataan.
Berdasarkan penjelasan ini, bisa disimpulkan bahwa keduanya memiliki perbedaan sifat. Jika Analytical exposition lebih berfokus pada penekanan/penjelasan, Hortatory exposition justru lebih bersifat menggugah/menyerukan, terlepas dari apapun objek yang menjadi bahan pembahasannya.
Contoh Teks Analytical Exposition
“Every year, thousands of people die, due to weather related problems. It can happen in both winter and summer. Let’s examine the causes for a moment.
The year 2003 was a time of extreme cold in the winter. Extreme, that is by European standards. In Britain alone, the number of people who died from cold-related illnesses was described as ‘shameful’. Nearly twenty-five thousand people died from illnesses such as strokes, heart attacks, bronchitis, flu and pneumonia.
In the summer of the same year, around twenty-three thousand people died in Europe due to the sizzling temperatures. France was particularly badly hit, with nearly fifteen thousand deaths which were related to the sweltering heat. In Britain, the number of heat-related death was much lower than the number of winter deaths.
It is important to note that government need to give some advices to people on how to protect their health.”
-nature (research journal)
Contoh Teks Hortatory Exposition
“What is the benefit of tourism for local people? Well, Tourism is now a huge contributor to the economies of most countries. Tourism industries can bring money, job vacancy and advancement especially in developing regions. However, this money often goes into the pockets of foreign investors, and only rarely benefits for local people.
Tourism industries will not give much benefit for local people if, for example, multinational hotel chains don’t care about the surrounding nature when they build new hotels. This can cause many social, cultural and geographical problems. Some local people may get a job and money from that International hotel chain. However, in case of missing that opportunity, some of them still have their own environment.
Moreover, some facts show that tourists tend to go, visit and spend their money in restaurants, bars and even luxury hotels of that multinational chain. They less go to such places; restaurant, bar, hotel, shop which is owned by local people. This can prevent the local people’s business from becoming even larger.
Most important thing, tours or excursions of tourism have little effect on nature. Even it can disrupt or destroy ecosystems and environments, and if it does, the local people will get the risk.
So the local government policies should be put in place to ensure that tourism will make the benefit spreading widely. The policies should guarantee that tourism will not cause any harm to any local people or places.”
-English Comprehension for Senior High School
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