40 Contoh Perubahan Tenses Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct speech/kalimat langsung adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh orang pertama. Ciri-cirinya yakni dalam tulisan direct speech ditempatkan antara dua tanda kutip sehingga dapat disebut sebagai quoted speech. Indirect speech/kalimat tidak langsung adalah kalimat yang menceritakan kembali ucapan orang pertama. Ciri-cirinya yaitu ditandai dengan adanya conjunction (kata sambung). Indirect speech juga dikenal dengan istilah reported speech. Contoh Perubahan Tenses Direct and Indirect Speech dalam Bahasa Inggris:

  • Direct speech: You say, “He is a policemen.” (Kau berkata, “Dia seorang polisi.”)
  • Indirect speech: You say that he is policemen. (Kau berkata bahwa dia seorang polisi)

Kata-kata yang digarisbawahi adalah main clause, sedangkan kata-kata yang dicetak miring adalah sub clause.

Aturan Direct-Indirect

Untuk mengubah direct speech menjadi direct speech atau sebaliknya ada beberapa aturan, di antaranya:

1. Perubahan tenses
2. Perubahan pronoun
3. Perubahan adverb

Perubahan Tenses

Bila main clause direct speech-nya berbentuk simple present, present perfect, dan simple future, maka ketika di-indirect-kan maka tenses sub clause tidak mengalami perubahan. Contoh Perubahan Tenses Direct and Indirect Speech:

  • Direct: Mila says, “The boy is diligent.” (Mila berkata, “Anak laki-laki itu rajin.”)
    Indirect: Mila says that the boy is diligent. (Mila berkata bahwa anak laki-laki itu rajin)
  • Direct: He has said, “They came yesterday.” (Dia berkata, “Mereka datang kemarin)
    Indirect: He has said that they came yesterday. (Dia berkata bahwa mereka datang kemarin)
  • Direct: We will say, “She has gone to Palembang.” (Kami akan bilang, “Dia telah pergi ke Palembang)
    Indirect: We will say that she has gone to Palembang. (Kami akan bilang bahwa dia telah pergi ke Palembang)
  • Direct: She says, “I don’t know.” (Dia berkata, “Aku tidak tahu)
    Indirect: She says that she doesn’t know. (Dia berkata bahwa dia tidak tahu)

Lain halnya bila main clause pada direct speech berbentuk simple past, maka indirect speech tense sub clause mengalami perubahan. Contoh Perubahan Tenses Direct and Indirect Speech:

  • Direct: He said, “I want to eat a cake.” (Dia berkata, “Aku ingin makan kue.”)
    Indirect: He said that he wanted to eat a cake. (Dia berkata bahwa dia ingin makan kue)
  • Direct: Rania said, “I wrote a letter.” (Rania berkata, “Aku menulis sebuah surat.”)
    Indirect: Rania said that she had written a letter. (Rania berkata bahwa dia telah menulis sebuah surat)
  • Direct: Maya said, “Harry contacted police.” (Maya berkata, “Harry menghubungi polisi.”)
    Indirect: Maya said that Harry had contacted her. (Maya berkata bahwa Harry telah menghubungi polisi
  • Direct: I said, “I am reading a book.” (Saya berkata, “Saya sedang membaca buku.”)
    Indirect: I said that I was reading a book. (Saya berkata bahwa saya sedang membaca buku)
  • Direct: Yanda said, “I will call you.” (Yanda berkata, “Saya akan menghubungi kamu.”)
    Indirect: Yanda said that he would call me. (Yanda berkata bahwa dia akan menghubungi saya)
  • Direct: Father said, “I was watching TV.” (Ayah berkata, “Saya sedang menonton TV.”)
    Indirect: Father said that he had been watching TV. (Ayah berkata bahwa ia telah menonton TV)
  • Direct: They said, “We can speak Japanese.” (Mereka berkata, “Kami bisa berbicara bahasa Jepang.”)
    Indirect: They said that they could speak Japanese. (Mereka berkata bahwa mereka dapat berbicara bahasa Jepang)
  • Direct: She said, “I must do a homework.” (Dia berkata, “Aku harus melakukan pekerjaan rumah.”)
    Indirect: She said that she had to do her homework. (Dia berkata bahwa dia harus melakukan pekerjaan rumahnya)
  • Direct: Mother said, “My son mustn’t smoke.” (Ibu berkata, “Anaknya tidak seharusnya merokok)
    Indirect: Mother said that my son mustn’t smoke. (Ibu berkata bahwa anaknya tidak seharusnya merokok)
  • Direct: He said, “We may do it.” (Dia berkata, “Kita mungkin melakukan ini)
    Indirect: He said that they might do it. (Dia berkata bahwa mereka mungkin melakukan ini) 

Meskipun main clause pada direct speech simple past, tetapi sub clause pada indirect speech tidak akan mengalami perubahan tenses bila sub clause itu merupakan kebenaran umum. Contoh:

  • Direct: My teacher said, “The world is round.” (Guruku berkata, “Bumi itu bulat.”)
    Indirect: The teacher said that the world is round. (Guruku berkata bahwa bumi itu bulat)
  • Direct: She said, “The sun rises in the east.” (Dia berkata, “Matahari terbit di sebelah timur.”)
    Indirect: She said that the sun rises in the east. Dia berkata bahwa matahari terbit di sebelah timur)

Aturan perubahan tenses dalam kalimat tanya, pronoun dan adverb sama dengan aturan dalam kalimat berita. Yes/No question –> Conjunction wether. Contoh:

  • Direct: Risma ask me, “Are you interested in my lesson?” (Risma bertanya pada saya, “Apakah kamu tertarik dengan pelajaran saya?”)
    Indirect: Risma asked me if I was interested in her lesson. (Risma bertanya pada saya apakah saya tertarik dengan pelajarannya)
  • Direct: Dody ask, “Were we visiting our teacher?” (Dody bertanya, “Apakah kita mengunjungi guru kita?”)
    Indirect: Dody wondered if we had been visiting our teacher. (Dody bertanya-tanya apakah kita sudah mengunjungi guru kami)
  • Direct: Rama ask, “Did Santi take my book here?” (Rama bertanya, “Apakah Santi mengambil buku saya di sini?”
    Indirect: Rama wanted to know if Santi had taken his book there. (Rama ingin tahu apakah Santi telah mengambil bukunya di sana)

Baiklah, cukup sampai di sini materi mengenai direct dan indirect speech. Baca juga artikel lainnya: